On this basis Freud elaborated his theory of the unconscious and went on to develop a model of psychic structure comprising id, ego and super-ego. His analysis of dreams as wish-fulfilments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the underlying mechanisms of repression. Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. In founding psychoanalysis, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference, establishing its central role in the analytic process. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.

Following the German annexation of Austria in March 1938, Freud left Austria to escape Nazi persecution. Freud lived and worked in Vienna having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885 he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. įreud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. Sigmund Freud ( / f r ɔɪ d/ FROYD, German: born Sigismund Schlomo Freud – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.

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